The Light and Sound Dictionary… conclusion

Pitch is the frequency of sound used for auditory stimulation and is thought of in terms of bass (the low notes) through soprano (the high notes). Pitch refers to the frequency of sound stimulation and is perceived as “low notes” (bass) to “high notes” (soprano).

Polarity adapter will work with all 6 volt avs instruments, including most Mind Alive, Mindplace and MindGear units. These adapters are approximately 12 inches in length and easily connect between your lightframes and unit. If you own more than one l/s unit and want to use lightframes from one unit with another, only to find that they won’t flash, then Polarity Adapters are for you.

Ramping is a gradual method of changing (either increasing or decreasing) the parameters of light and sound stimulation when designing a session. Ramping refers to changing a stimulation parameter gradually so that “jumps” are not perceptible. Most light and sound systems can ramp frequency, but some still “jump” in 1 or 2 Hertz steps. Fewer can ramp volume and intensity. Listen to a dual binaural beat session before deciding it is not important to ramp pitch.

Schumann Resonance Frequency is 7.83Hz and is referred to as the frequency of the earth.

Sessions are built-in, downloadable or custom made sequences of changing light and sound stimulation for specific purposes, such as relaxation, alertness, sleep, etc. Sessions typically last from 15 to 45 minutes, and some systems allow the user to vary the running time. While a session is running, the session programming controls most of the operation of the system, although some features may be left to operator control. The variety and quality of the built-in sessions on a light and sound system has a profound effect on how well the machine will work for you.

Sine wave sound are pure tones consisting of only one frequency. When you play a musical instrument, the notes have a fundamental frequency and many harmonics. The result is not a sine wave, but on most instruments the result sounds pleasing. On a light and sound system that does not have sine wave sound, the alternative is usually square wave sound (on or off), not because it sounds good but because it’s easy to make on a computer. Mixed tone beats and binaural beats do not work as well on non-sine-wave sound either.

Soft on/off refers to beginning a session by gradually increasing (ramping) the light and sound stimulation and ending a session by gradually decreasing the light and sound stimulation. This enables the transition into and out of a session to be much more pleasant, without any sudden jerks.

Soundscapes is a name commonly referred to digital “nature sounds”. A small nature sound bit (rain, forest, ocean, waterfalls etc.) is recorded on a chip and repetitively played back. Although nature sounds are not designed with certain frequencies in mind, the repetitive sound and light pattern are soothing and work well for quiet entertainment.

Symmetron brings to you a unique multi-phase wave experience. The motion is designed to provide the optimal environment for personal growth and relaxation. The Symmetron utilizes an exclusive movement that is developmentally significant and delightfully pleasant. The NASA-style “gravity reduction” coupled with a variable speed orbital platform creates a personally relaxing rhythm that simulates an unparalleled sense of weightlessness. Symmetron is the ultimate in tactile stimulation and motion. Visit www.Mindmachines.com for details.

Tactile stimulation are specifically designed frequencies that produce physical sensations. When utilized with light and sound, this experience creates a complete “mind/body” experience.

Tempered scale is a musical scale utilized in modern western music. There are twelve notes per octave with a constant frequency ratio between adjacent notes (the twelfth root of 2, or about 1.059). This approach has advantages in playing music in different keys, but does not make chords come out as well as they could. An interesting alternative is the Just scale.

TENcolors get white, blue, red, green, indigo, yellow, aqua, as well as 3 more subtle color variations: golden, violet, and rose quartz all through one lightframe. TENcolors!™ Lightframes are for personal light and sound users. TENcolors!™ feature independent left eye / right eye color selection and connects directly to any Common Power (CP) or Common Ground (CG) light and sound instrument. Created by Michael Landgraf and Chris Williams, and made by Mind Gear, TENcolors utilize an RGB-based LEDchip. Sold through www.Mindmachines.com.

Theta brainwave frequencies are associated with states of deep relaxation, rapid learning and creativity. These frequencies range between 4-7Hz.

Thwack is a little known technique that utilizes gamma light, sound and tactile stimulation, along with motion, to achieve an immediate state of extreme alertness and motivation. Created by David McLaughlin, we dare not say this approach has any medical or therapeutic value, but possesses immense entertainment value. However, our research indicates it has therapeutic potential and does assist in achieving maximum performance in athletic endeavors.

Tone is the kind of sound stimulation used in light and sound sessions. Examples of tone are: pulsed tone, pulsed surf, alternating tone/surf, pulsed chord, binaural beats, binaural beats with a metronome tick at a specific frequency, dual binaural beats and dual binaural beats with surf. Tone refers to the type of sound stimulation used.

Turbosonix are strobe encoded CD’s that synchronize pulsed light and audio stimulation with music. Similar in performance as AudioStrobe CD’s, Turbosonix is the creation of Mind Gear.

Visuals are the wavy, shifting color patterns perceived when observing the pulsating lights during a light and sound session. These patterns are the result of the interaction of the light pulse rate of your instrument to the sensing/processing rate of your eyes. Visuals refer to the shifting, colored patterns perceived when you look at the flickering lights on a light and sound system. The patterns are optical illusions caused by the interaction of the flicker rate with the sensing and processing rate of your eyes and brain. You may have seen a child’s top with radial black lines, that when spun, gives the appearance of changing colors. That is a similar effect. The visual images from a light and sound system can be very impressive and contribute a lot to the enjoyment of using the system. A session that creates a good light show is imaginatively said to have “excellent visuals”.

Volume refers to the loudness of the sound stimulation.

Copyright: Michael J. Landgraf & Mindmachines.com, Granada Hills, CA. / November, 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be copied or duplicated without prior written approval by Michael Landgraf.

Published by Little Minnie’s Publishing House. ISBN 10: 0966259602. ISBN 13: 978-0966259605. All inquiries pertaining to this book should contact https://www.mindmachines.com/contact-us/.

The Light and Sound Dictionary… continued

Musical scale is how the sound frequencies are chosen as notes for playing music. Musical scale refers to the way in which particular sound frequencies are picked as the notes to be used in playing music. An octave is a musical interval with a frequency ratio of 2/1 (e.g. 220 to 440 Hertz). Different cultures and musical traditions have used many different ways of dividing an octave. Western (this is Western as opposed to Eastern, not Country Western) music is mostly based on the tempered scale, with 12 notes per octave and equal frequency ratios between adjacent notes.

Neurofeedback incorporates EEG instrumentation with biofeedback to heighten the participant’s ability for achieving targeted brainwave frequencies. See EEG / Neurofeedback.

Octave is an interval between notes that has a frequency ratio of 2/1. The tempered scale has 12 total notes, seven natural notes and five sharps and flats. Octave is a interval between notes that has a 2/1 frequency ratio (e.g. 220 to 440 Hertz). In the tempered scale there are 12 total notes in an octave, seven “white key” or natural notes and five “black key” sharps and flats.

Offset frequency occurs with dual binaural beats. It is the frequency the mind actually hears when stimulated by two different frequencies. For example, the mind is stimulated by a frequency of 200Hz and simultaneously by 190Hz. The mind subtracts the difference, which is 10Hz. This is the frequency actually heard by the mind and is a frequency associated with the alpha brainwave state.

Phase is used for timing the relationship between light and sound stimulation- between the lightframes and headphones. Phase is the timing relationship between the different stimulation channels –the two eyes and the two ears. When pulsed sounds are selected, there are six phase settings available.

Copyright: Michael J. Landgraf & Mindmachines.com, Granada Hills, CA. / November, 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be copied or duplicated without prior written approval by Michael Landgraf.

Published by Little Minnie’s Publishing House. ISBN 10: 0966259602. ISBN 13: 978-0966259605. All inquiries pertaining to this book should contact https://www.mindmachines.com/contact-us/

The Light and Sound Dictionary… continued

Lightframes are eye frames, eye wear or eye goggles with light sources mounted in the front inside portion of the frame. These are the pulsating lights that make up the light stimulation of a light and sound session. The lights themselves can be LEDchips consisting of red-green-blue built-in LEDs within a microchip; LEDs which are color-emitting diodes or white incandescent light bulbs. The lightframes are utilized with eyes closed because the eyelids actually diffuse the lights and heighten the session experience. White incandescent lightframes have a translucent mask between the light bulbs and eyes, which acts to diffuse the pulsating stimulation, enabling the user to experience the session with eyes open. Recently, clear eye frames have been produced with low intensity LED’s that enable the user to experience light and sound sessions with eyes open, enabling the user to simultaneously experience the session while studying, working at computer workstations or during beta EEG/neurofeedback training.

LoopLogic enables the user to determine session length of the 515 CD or LoopLogic CD by programming the CD player to repeat a given track. For example, programming the CD player to play track 4 of the 515 CD (Visualization – 7 min. 10 sec) three times in a row will create a visualization session that is 21:30 long. This same technique also applies to MP3 selections.

Lucid dreaming refers to being aware that you are dreaming while you are experiencing your dreams.

Mind Gear is one of the most prestigious manufacturers of light and sound instruments providing the public with quality systems and cost-effective accessories.

Mind Machines are devices that entrain your mind to allow you access to different states of awareness. Utilizing light and sound for stimulation, these instruments are mainly used for relaxation and learning. Mind Machines are devices that influence your state of mind using specially designed light and sound stimulation. Flickering lights and pulsating sound have been used for centuries to influence moods, from music for relaxation to adrenaline-raising dances around a tribal fire. Light and sound systems have the advantage that the stimulation is more controlled and better designed for its purpose.

Copyright: Michael J. Landgraf & Mindmachines.com, Granada Hills, CA. / November, 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be copied or duplicated without prior written approval by Michael Landgraf.

Published by Little Minnie’s Publishing House. ISBN 10: 0966259602. ISBN 13: 978-0966259605. All inquiries pertaining to this book should contact https://www.mindmachines.com/contact-us/.

The Light and Sound Dictionary… continued

History: The effects of flickering light stimulation have been known for a long time. Ancient shamans knew that flickering games could result in hallucinations. Around 200 A.D., Ptolemy noted that the flickering of sunlight seen through the spokes of a spinning wheel could cause patterns and colors to appear to the observer, and could produce a feeling of lightheadedness and euphoria. In modern times (1940’s and 50’s) neuroscientist W. Gray Walter used a strobe light to create flickering light stimulation and noted that the brain wave pattern of the whole cortex was changed, not just the area associated with vision. Experimentation in the 1960’s and 70’s showed that adding pulsing sound enhanced the experience. The invention of the microprocessor made it possible for inexpensive light and sound devices to be produced, with hundreds of thousands of people owning mindmachines.

Integration in regards to light and sound session design refers to utilizing frequencies in specific brain states that aid the participant in accepting and incorporating what surfaces into the conscious mind during session experiences.

Intensity is how bright the light stimulation is. Intensity refers to the brightness of the light stimulation.

Just scale is a seldom used musical scale that has seven notes per octave, and is designed to make chords relative to the base of the octave come out correctly. The Just scale is used in dual binaural beat machines to get better chords, and also because the integer pitches of the Just scale make integer binaural beat offsets work better.

Copyright: Michael J. Landgraf & Mindmachines.com, Granada Hills, CA. / November, 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be copied or duplicated without prior written approval by Michael Landgraf.

Published by Little Minnie’s Publishing House. ISBN 10: 0966259602. ISBN 13: 978-0966259605. All inquiries pertaining to this book should contact https://www.mindmachines.com/contact-us/.

The Light and Sound Dictionary… continued

Gentle on/off refers to starting a session by slowly ramping on the sound volume and light intensity, and ending a session by slowly ramping them back off. This feature makes the transition into and out of a session more pleasant, and prevents sudden jerky endings that can destroy the effect of a session.

GSR stands for galvanic skin resistance. It measures the variations of your skin’s sweat gland and pore size activity, both of which are controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. It is a measurement of your physical reactions to states of stress and relaxation.

Harmonic frequencies are basically multiples of each other. It is believed these frequencies act more in agreement or unison with each other than other frequency combinations.

Harmonic multiple frequencies are the result of multiplying a number by a lower offset frequency to produce a higher offset frequency. It is a technique used in designing binaural beat sessions.

Hertz refers to cycles per second, or how often something repeats itself within each second. Named for Heinrich Hertz (1857-94). Hertz is the primary measurement of sound, but is fast losing popularity to amplitude. Hertz used to be called “cycles per second”, meaning the number of times a repetitive event occurred per second. Then someone noticed that physicist Heinrich Hertz had no measurement unit named after him, so he was appropriately immortalized.

Copyright: Michael J. Landgraf & Mindmachines.com, Granada Hills, CA. / November, 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be copied or duplicated without prior written approval by Michael Landgraf.

Published by Little Minnie’s Publishing House. ISBN 10: 0966259602. ISBN 13: 978-0966259605. All inquiries pertaining to this book should contact https://www.mindmachines.com/contact-us/.

The Light and Sound Dictionary… continued

Frequency Following Response refers to the brain’s natural tendency to mimic or resonate the same frequencies generated by outside stimuli. This is the process light and sound instruments utilize for entraining the brain.

Gamma brainwave frequencies are associated with being highly motivated and mentally alert. These frequency patterns start at 35Hz and increase.

Ganzfeld in German means “all-field”. Refers to gazing into a snowy-white background as a technique for achieving altered states. Ganzfeld is an effect discovered by German scientists in the 1930s, in which the eyes are exposed to a totally uniform visual field, with no edges, color changes, or movement. This can be achieved by looking up at the sky on a clear, cloudless day, or with very specially constructed illuminated glasses. The circuitry in the brain that is constantly scanning the visual field for edges and movement finds absolutely nothing, and shortly shuts visual sensation off, as the eye responds primarily to changes. Soon the subject cannot tell if his eyes are open or closed, and altered states of consciousness result.

Gel filter The cheapest method for acquiring a variety of colors for your light and sound system. Color filter gels are color overlays that fit between your white LED lightframes and eyes. You can choose from a variety of colors to suit your goals and moods. Simply use any color filter gel in front of your white lightframes. That’s all there is to it. You use your AVS machine in tandem with these gels. Set your light glasses on any table top or desk and put any color gel right in front of the white LEDs. Use your light and sound machine in manual mode so you can change the frequency to whatever makes you comfortable. You can purchase gel filter sheets in dozens of color varieties from your local photography store.

Copyright: Michael J. Landgraf & Mindmachines.com, Granada Hills, CA. / November, 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be copied or duplicated without prior written approval by Michael Landgraf.

Published by Little Minnie’s Publishing House. ISBN 10: 0966259602. ISBN 13: 978-0966259605. All inquiries pertaining to this book should contact https://www.mindmachines.com/contact-us/.

The Light and Sound Dictionary… continued

Fill-in-blanks is a technique of creating light and sound programs by selecting one of a number of available program profiles, and specifying the frequency range and control options to be used. Thus a custom program can be created with four menu selections.

515 Sound only stimulation. Christopher Oliver and Michael Landgraf, developers of the 515 Dual Independent Binaural Beat Generator, present a new concept in mind machines: Virtual 515 Mindmachine CD. This audio CD turns any CD player into a powerful mind machine. The Virtual 515 Mindmachine CD contains the same sessions as the original 515 hardware unit in a format called LoopLogic(TM). There are 5 LoopLogic(TM) sessions on the disc: 1. Energize (Beta) 10:09; 2. Relax (Alpha) 20:16; 3. Learning (Theta) 10:10; 4. Visualization (Alpha/Theta) 7:10; 5. Sleep (Delta) 26:10. For more information visit www.Mindmachines.com.

Fossil Phil is a fictional character by Michael Landgraf who helps children understand what light and sound is all about through stories and pictures. For all of you who have children that enjoy coloring books, “Light, Sound & Fun” is a FREE 49 page coloring book featuring Fossil Phil that will provide hours of coloring entertainment for your children. It is something Fossil Phil wanted to make available for kids and is an excellent way for your children to have fun and learn about the advantages of using light and sound technology! For more information about Fossil Phil, contact Michael Landgraf at: www.AVSJournal.com.

Frequency refers to the primary rate of pulsed light (visual) and pulsed tone (auditory) stimulation produced by a light and sound session. It is how fast the lights and sound are at one moment on, then at the next moment off. In other words, how fast each form of stimulation is pul-sating. In terms of binaural beats, frequency refers to how often the amplitude is being modulated. Light and sound sessions utilize the same frequency range as the brain, i.e., brain waves. Frequency is properly the rate at which any periodic event repeats, but in light and sound machines it is used more specifically to refer to the primary rate of visual and auditory stimulation — to the eyes, it is how fast the lights are flickering, to the ears, it is how often the sound is pulsed on and off, (pulsed tones) or how often the amplitude is modulated (binaural beats). Frequency, like pitch, is measured in Hertz. The frequencies of stimulation in light and sound systems are in the brain wave frequency range.

Copyright: Michael J. Landgraf & Mindmachines.com, Granada Hills, CA. / November, 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be copied or duplicated without prior written approval by Michael Landgraf.

Published by Little Minnie’s Publishing House. ISBN 10: 0966259602. ISBN 13: 978-0966259605. All inquiries pertaining to this book should contact https://www.mindmachines.com/contact-us/.

The Light and Sound Dictionary… continued @ EEG / NFB

EEG / Neurofeedback monitors brainwaves. It is immediately useful for applications in research, education, recreation, hobby, self-awareness, art, performance and brainwave-controlled systems. You can digitally record, store, process, display, and work with brainwaves using any PC with Windows and a spare USB port. You will be able to monitor and display waveform characteristics such as alpha, beta, delta, or theta energy, the amount of symmetry in the brainwaves, or set up the system to respond to your brainwaves by creating displays, sounds, or other effects. This is useful for many applications in which there is a need to record and study brainwaves, to play games using brainwaves, or to use brainwaves to control a system, including interactive simulations and virtual reality displays.

Entrainment is the method light and sound/sound only instruments use to gently guide your mind to desired states of consciousness.

Euphoria sessions target the activation of the left brain hemisphere while leaving the right brain hemisphere inactive. The approach in session design is aimed at producing a sense of wellbeing.

Features of light/sound systems include the number and variety of the built-in sessions, the number and range of the controlled stimulation parameters (frequency, volume, in-tensity, tone, pitch, phase, duty cycle), starting and stopping sessions with gently ramped volume and intensity, an audio synthesizer with sine wave sound, whether or not the system permits the user to create custom sessions, whether or not sessions can be downloaded from a personal computer. All of these features should be considered when deciding on a personal light/sound system.

Copyright: Michael J. Landgraf & Mindmachines.com, Granada Hills, CA. / November, 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be copied or duplicated without prior written approval by Michael Landgraf.

Published by Little Minnie’s Publishing House. ISBN 10: 0966259602. ISBN 13: 978-0966259605. All inquiries pertaining to this book should contact https://www.mindmachines.com/contact-us/.

The Light and Sound Dictionary… continued

Consciousness management technique refers to the overall process of light and sound technology.

Consciousness self-regulation technique refers to the overall process of biofeedback.

Delta brainwave frequencies are associated with sleep. These frequencies range between .5-3Hz.

Downloading is the process of transferring sessions from a PC computer to a light and sound/sound only instrument. Download is the process of sending sessions from a PC computer over a USB port to a light/sound system. This allows new sessions to be installed easily.

Dual monaural beats occur when two closely spaced pitches are mixed in the same ear, beats are heard at the difference of pitches.

Dual independent binaural beats occur by running two binaural beat generators simultaneously. Two tones plus two binaural beat offsets are heard by both ears, for a total of four tones and four offsets (the two left offset tones against both right offset tones). The results produce very complex and dynamic frequency variations that may seem confusing, but sound really great.

Duty cycle impacts the sensation of light and sound stimulation. It refers to how long the light or sound stimulation cycle is on. For instance, if the duty cycle is set at 30%, that means the stimulation is on for 30% of the cycle and off for 70%. Duty cycle refers to the portion of a stimulation cycle that the light or sound is “on”. For example, a duty cycle of 40% means that the stimulation is on 40% of the cycle and off for 60% of the cycle. Some light and sound machines provide duty cycle control and it does have an impact on the resulting sensation.

Copyright: Michael J. Landgraf & Mindmachines.com, Granada Hills, CA. / November, 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be copied or duplicated without prior written approval by Michael Landgraf.

Published by Little Minnie’s Publishing House. ISBN 10: 0966259602. ISBN 13: 978-0966259605. All inquiries pertaining to this book should contact https://www.mindmachines.com/contact-us/.

The Light and Sound Dictionary… continued

CES (Cranio-electrical Stimulation) was developed in the Soviet Union in the late 1940s and has since been used by millions of people all over the world. Research demonstrates that CES produces a mild stimulation in the hypothalamic area of the brain, resulting in balancing neuro-transmitter activity (in particular Beta Endorphin and Norepinephrine). The effects achieved are similar to that of a “jogger’s high”.

Chakra frequencies are associated with our inner power, referred to in eastern religions as the kundalini. These frequencies can activate certain centers along the base of the spine upwards to the brain. These frequencies are not the natural sounds associated with the activation of chakras, but do an excellent imitation, resulting in very beautiful and powerful experiences.

Chords are combinations of tones that (hopefully) sound harmonious. Harmony occurs when the fundamental pitches of the tones are in ratios of small integers, such as 2/1 (octave), 5/3 (sixth), 3/2 (fifth), 4/3 (major third), or 6/5 (minor third). Most people hear tones closer than a minor third as dissonant. When tones get still closer in frequency, beats occur.

Common Ground Polarity Adapters will work with all 6 volt avs instruments, including most Mind Alive, Mindplace and MindGear units. These adapters are approximately 12 inches in length and easily connect between your lightframes and unit. If you own more than one l/s unit and want to use lightframes from one unit with another, only to find that they won’t flash, then Polarity Adapters are for you. If you have one of the following l/s instruments: InnerQuest IQ 1, 2, 3 and Jr. models, MindGear (all 6v models), and want to use lightframes from: Mind Alive (DAVID / all 6v models), InnerQuest IQ Tutor and 9110, Mindplace (all models), and Zygon MindQuest, then choose this polarity adapter. Common Power to Common Ground.

Common Power will work with all 6 volt avs instruments, including most Mind Alive, Mindplace and MindGear units. These adapters are approximately 12 inches in length and easily connect between your lightframes and unit. If you have one of the following l/s instruments: Mind Alive (DAVID / all 6v models), InnerQuest IQ Tutor and 9110, Mindplace (all 6v mod-els), and Zygon MindQuest, and want to use lightframes from: InnerQuest IQ 1, 2, 3 and Jr. models, MindGear (all 6v models), then choose this polarity adapter. Common Ground to Com-mon Power.

Copyright: Michael J. Landgraf & Mindmachines.com, Granada Hills, CA. / November, 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be copied or duplicated without prior written approval by Michael Landgraf.

Published by Little Minnie’s Publishing House. ISBN 10: 0966259602. ISBN 13: 978-0966259605. All inquiries pertaining to this book should contact https://www.mindmachines.com/contact-us/.